Crystal and Gemstones - History and Description

HISTORY OF CRYSTAL (individual description below)
History testifies that the first traces of the therapeutic power of stones and crystals have been found in an Egyptian papyrus dating back to 1600 BC But, undoubtedly, according to this specific function they were used long before and among populations of different latitudes: the Andean civilizations as those of Central America, North America, Australia, the Middle to the Far East (China, Japan India and surrounding areas).
According to what can be read on th esubject today, it seems that there were no places and peoples from which stones and crystals were not regularly used for therapeutic purposes: from the ancient Egyptians to Native Americans, Mayas and the Aztecs Tolzechi, reaching Aboriginal Australians, the Celts and the Mediterranean.
In all these peoples and the traditions that trace their origins in ancient times, the sick were made to wear necklaces made with various types of crystals and stones: lapis lazuli, malachite and red jasper were some of the most used and allowed the disturbance to go through and the pain and disperse.
In addition to the ancient Egyptians, some of the original peoples of North America have used continuous and methodical stones and crystals for various purposes.
The oldest student in this topic and the crystal in general is the greek philosopher Theophrastus, who lived about 400 years before Christ.
In his book of stones, besides reiterating the therapeutic aspect of crystals, he stresses that it is possible to distinguish with certainty the "gender" of the stones - that is, whether male or female - under the shade of color: it is a distinctive element very important when using crystals for healing as the use of one of the two species strongly influences the two essential aspects of the human being yin (feminine) and yang (male).
Many centuries later, almost to the late nineteenth century, John Hill, the English translator of the whole work of Theophrastus, speculated that the therapeutic properties of stones were particularly due to the metal minerals contained in them. Scientifically and historically it is not known whether the ancient civilizations were actually aware of the relationship between the crystals and the human being in its holistic view, however, it  is certain that the mystical properties of gemstones and crystals were largely associated with their colors and in combination with those of the corresponding chakra.
But above all, it is unclear how older people knew what kind of stone were used to treat a specific disease. And very rarely wrong! Certainly, [modern medicine does not agree with this type of therapy considered unscientific, but nonetheless it is equally true that shamans, medicine men, healers of all countries of the world have used - and still use it - to cure people. And with good results, Stones and crystals are therefore the instrument that the healer uses to transmit the energy of the Earth and the human universe, energy which is associated with the inherent course of stone.

WHAT ARE THE CRYSTALS

First of all we can say that all the crystals used for therapeutic and ornamental level, belong to the family of gems and precious gems which, in turn, are in great category of minerals.
These stones usually one particular aspect: they are very bright, colored or transparent. Even the pearl, coral, amber, ivory and mother of pearl - are considered gems in all effects though they are not minerals but the result of a series of natural processes that affect rather than living organisms, plants or animals: the oyster, for example, is nothing if not the animal bed from which all natural pearls come, while coral is a substance derived from organic compounds fruit of the work of tiny marine creatures.

The beauty of a gem can depend not only on its natural color or transparency, but also by some other more unusual properties.
Technically, the most important gems are called allocromatiche, in simpler words, the color of a single bud is directly dependent on the composition of small differences that distinguish it. All those whose colors do not depend on impurities are defined idrocromatiche.
Due to their physical or chemical composition some gems are always opaque, such as turquoise gems other completely transparent and rather easily transmit light. But the beauty and importance of transparent gems may decrease dramatically when presented with material defects which because of their transparency, are clearly visible.
High quality and very transparent gems are rare (plus they have  prohibitive costs) and often you find them integrated with other minerals such as rutile, spinel, carbon, actinolite and many others.
The simple reflection of light by internal defects and other mineral supplements can also trigger rare  effects in the beautiful gems. Star rubies and sapphires, for example, contain thousands of needle-shaped inclusions that are oriented uniformly in three directions, call crystallographic.
The intense light of these three sets of needles gives rise to the so-called asterism, a six-rays shimmer generally very similar to a star. If the integration with the needles are oriented in one direction, as happens in another well-known stone called chrysoberyl, the reflex is composed of a single beam that gives the effect of a cat's eye. The same effect is well known for other stones such as tiger eye or eye of a hawk.